What is Stress?
Stress is the body’s wear and tear when a person responds to changes in the normal balanced state. All people experience it. A stressor is any event or stimulus that causes stress. Stress can result from positive or negative experiences. For example, a job-seeker preparing for an interview, a father concerned about her pregnant wife’s health and a family following a diagnosis of cancer all experience stress reactions.
Effects of Stress
Stress affects the whole person — physically, emotionally, mentally, socially and spiritually. Physically, stress can endanger a person’s health. Emotionally, stress can also cause emotional disturbances like developing negative feelings about one’s self. Mentally, stress can alter the person’s thinking skills and problem-solving abilities. Socially, stress can affect the person’s relationship with other people. Stress can also challenge the person spiritually. Stress is a major risk to many illnesses.
Manifestations of Stress
Physiologic manifestations are pupil dilatation, sweating, increase in heart rate, paleness, hyperventilation or deep and fast breathing pattern, gastrointestinal disturbances, muscle tension, decrease in urine output, mental alertness for serious threats and blood sugar elevation.
Psychologic manifestations are anxiety, fear, anger, depression and unconscious ego defense mechanisms or psychologic adaptive responses.
Cognitive manifestations of stress or the thinking responses to stress include problem-solving, self-control or self-discipline, organizing like thinking of ways to prevent threatening events to occur, suppression which is putting a thought or a feeling out of mind consciously and willfully and lastly, fantasy or daydreaming.
Positive and Effective Coping Strategies
Health promotion strategies include exercise, maintaining well-balanced and healthy diet, having adequate rest and sleep, time management, minimizing anxiety, moderating anger.
Using relaxation techniques such as breathing exercises, massage, imagery, yoga, meditation, music therapy and laughter or humor.
These are all adaptive coping mechanisms that could help a person deal with stress positively and effectively.